Syllabus Template

Night Rating Helicopter

Appendix S05 to FOCA GM/INFO «Template: Training Manual (TM)»

Source: pxhere.com, CC0 NIT(H)

Scope	Syllabus for a helicopter night rating published as a template in Word format, based on FCL.810.
Who is concerned	Training organisations wishing to certify a new training programme in an ATO or to declare a new training programme in a DTO.
Valid from	01.03.2018
Purpose	The purpose of this template is to assist an Approved Training Organisation (ATO) or Declared Training Organisation (DTO) to compile their manual system. It covers the major aspects of the required structure and content of a Training Manual (TM) Syllabus and has been developed on the basis of the FOCA GM/INFO «Operations and Training Manual Certification Leaflet».

Document Reference	59-10
Version	Issue 1 / Revision 0
Registration No	GEVER 022.4-00113/00002/00003/00007/00010
Prepared by	SBFL M. Siegenthaler, F. Rhyn
Released by	SBFL/bid, Swiss Helicopter Association SHA
Distribution	Internal / External

Completion guidance

The information provided solely represent a possible means of how to provide the required information. An organisation must add further information or adapt the template to their specific needs.

The first two pages of this Word template is to be deleted by the organisation when adapting this template. This can be done by clicking the red button below.

Text shown in blue italic indicates where the organisation needs to provide its own specific information or data.

In addition, all references to manuals, chapters and sub-chapters are shown in blue and are to be verified to ensure compliance with the ATO specific and own documentation.

Cover Page

Name of organisation

Address

Contact information

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LoR	Log of Revision

LoR	REV0 / TBD

Date	Issue	Revision (REV)	Changes
dd.mm.yyyy	1	0	Initial issue
…

LoC	List of Effective Chapters

LoC	REV0 / TBD

LoR	REV0 / TBD

LoC	REV0 / TBD

ToC	REV0 / TBD

LoA	REV0 / TBD

Part 1	REV0 / TBD

1.1	REV0 / TBD

1.2	REV0 / TBD

1.3	REV0 / TBD

Part 2	REV0 / TBD

2.1	REV0 / TBD

2.2	REV0 / TBD

2.3	REV0 / TBD

2.4	REV0 / TBD

2.5	REV0 / TBD

2.6	REV0 / TBD

2.7	REV0 / TBD

2.8	REV0 / TBD

2.9	REV0 / TBD

Part 3	REV0 / TBD

3.1	REV0 / TBD

Part 4	REV0 / TBD

4.1	REV0 / TBD

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ToC	Table of Contents

ToC	REV0 / TBD

1	Student	1

1.1	Records	1

1.2	Attendance theoretical knowledge	2

1.3	Attendance flight instruction	2

2	Introduction	3

2.1	Syllabus	3

2.2	The aim of the course	3

2.3	Pre-entry requirements	3

2.4	Summary of minimum training hours	3

2.4.1	Credits for previous experience	3

2.5	Theoretical knowledge training	4

2.6	Flight instruction	4

2.6.1	Air exercises	4

2.7	Teaching materials	4

2.8	Time scale	4

2.9	Course completion standards	4

3	Theoretical knowledge training	5

3.1	Theoretical knowledge subjects	5

4	Flight instruction	7

4.1	Time scale	27

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LoA	List of Abbreviations

LoA	REV0 / TBD

The following abbreviations are within this syllabus:

Abbreviation	Definition
ATC	Air Traffic Control
ATO	Approved Training Organisation
CFI	Chief Flight Instructor
DTO	Declared Training Organisation
DME	Distance Measuring Equipment
EASA	European Aviation Safety Agency
FCL	Flight Crew Licence
FGS	Flight Guidance System
FOCA	Federal Office of Civil Aviation
FSTD	Flight Simulation Training Devices
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System
(H)	Helicopter
HT	Head of Training
IMC	Instrument Meteorological Conditions
IR	Instrument Rating
LAPL	Light Aircraft Pilot Licence
LoA	Log of Abbreviations
LoC	List of Effective Chapters
LoR	Log of Revisions
NAV	Navigation
NDB	Non-Directional Beacon
NM	Nautical Mile
POH	Pilot Operating Handbook
PPL	Private Pilot Licence
REV	Revision
RFM	Rotorcraft Flight Manual
SBFL	BAZL Abteilung Sicherheit Flugbetrieb (SB), Sektion Flugschulen und Leichtaviatik
SEP	Single Engine Piston
TM	Training Manual
TMG	Touring Motor Glider
ToC	Table of Content
VFR	Visual Flight Rules
VOR	VHF Omnidirectional Range
VMC	Visual Meteorological Conditions

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Student

Part 1	REV0 / TBD

Records

1.1	REV0 / TBD

Personal data

last name:	first name:
licence number:	signature:

Pre-entry requirements fulfilled

HT / CFI signature:	date:

Documents to be stored

«Chapter 1» of this syllabus
logbook page with NIT(H) endorsement	FOCA form 61.611 and attachments
HT / CFI signature:	date:

Attendance theoretical knowledge

1.2	REV0 / TBD

Theory hours	Date	Instructor signature
Classroom theory Night VMC minima Rules about airspace control at night and facilities available Rules about aerodrome ground, runway, landing site and obstruction lighting Aircraft navigation lights and collision avoidance rules	1:00
Classroom theory Physiological aspects of night vision and orientation Dangers of disorientation at night	1:00
Classroom theory Dangers of weather deterioration at night	0:45
Classroom theory Instrument systems or functions and errors Instrument lighting and emergency cockpit lighting systems	0:45
Classroom theory Map marking for use under cockpit lighting Practical navigation principles Radio navigation principles Planning and use of safety altitude Danger from icing conditions, avoidance and escape manoeuvres	1:30
Total:	5:00

Attendance flight instruction

1.3	REV0 / TBD

Instrument flight session	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Date	Instructor signature
1.1 Basic instrument flight 1	(2:30)	-	-
1.2 Basic instrument flight 2	(2:30)	-	-
1.3 Radio navigation 1	(2:30)	-	-
1.4 Radio navigation 2	(2:30)	-	-
2.1 Introduction to night operation	-	(0:40)	-
2.2 Night circuits	-	(1:00)	-
2.3 Night emergencies	-	(1:00)	-
2.4 Night cross country navigation	-	(1:30)	-
3.1 Solo night circuits	-	(0:50)	(5)
Totals:	(10:00)	(5:00)	(5)

Introduction

Part 2	REV0 / TBD

Syllabus

2.1	REV0 / TBD

This syllabus, produced by ATO / DTO Name for the helicopter night rating, conforms to the requirements of Part-FCL. The purpose of this syllabus is to provide all required information to the student and to the instructors involved in the training course.

The training consists of theoretical knowledge training and flight instruction by an instructor who is authorized to instruct toward a night helicopter rating.

The aim of the course

2.2	REV0 / TBD

The training course is designed to give the student adequate theoretical knowledge, training in ground handling and flying techniques based on established teaching methods.

The aim of the training course is to qualify PPL(H) holders to exercise the privileges of the licence at night and operate safely and proficiently during night under normal, abnormal and emergency operations. Therefore, the purpose of the training course is to:

ensure that the student has a thorough understanding of the aspects of flying at night;

give the student the understanding of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures at night;

face the student with the human performance aspect related with night operation; and

ensure that the student understands the legislation for flying at night.

During the training course the student is made aware of hazardous attitudes and their effect on flight safety. Safety awareness and risk management are a fundamental part of the course.

Pre-entry requirements

2.3	REV0 / TBD

Applicants for a night helicopter rating shall have:

completed at least 100 hours of flight time as pilot in helicopters after the issue of the licence, including at least:

60 hours as PIC on helicopters; and

20 hours of cross country flight.

Summary of minimum training hours

2.4	REV0 / TBD

The training course includes:

5 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction;

10 hours of helicopter dual instrument instruction time;

5 hours of flight instruction at night, including at least:

3 hours of dual instruction, including at least 1 hour of cross country navigation; and

5 solo night circuits, each circuit shall include a take-off and a landing.

Credits for previous experience

An applicant who holds or has held an IR in an aeroplane or TMG, shall be credited with 5 hours towards the requirement in b). In all cases, the air exercises in section 2 and 3 should be completed (refer to exercises 4 to 6 of AMC1 FCL.810(b)).

Theoretical knowledge training

2.5	REV0 / TBD

The theoretical knowledge training consists of all instruction given for the purpose of the training course and includes classroom lessons and instructor briefings.

Additional theoretical knowledge necessary for the specific air exercise are covered by the instructor during the instructor’s briefing.

Flight instruction

2.6	REV0 / TBD

The numbering of air exercises has to be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide: therefore the demonstrations and practices do not necessarily need to be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following interrelated factors:

the student progress and ability;

the weather conditions affecting the flight;

the available flight time;

instructional technique considerations; and

the local operating environment.

Air exercises

Air exercises are not independent, therefore sessions can be combined; times reported on the air exercise table are indicative only. Each of the exercises involves the need for the applicant to be aware of good airmanship and look-out, which should be emphasised at all times.

Teaching materials

2.7	REV0 / TBD

The following list represents the reference material that covers the subject details shown in the main body of the syllabus:

RFM Rotorcraft flight manual / POH Pilot’s operating handbook (Manufacturer)

Swiss VFR manual (Skyguide)

…

Time scale

2.8	REV0 / TBD

The applicant shall complete the training course within a period of 6 months.

The co-ordination of ground and flight training is a necessary and important part of any pilot course. Particular care should be given in ensuring that flying training sessions are appropriate to the student’s level of theoretical knowledge.

Course completion standards

2.9	REV0 / TBD

Upon completion of the training course, the student shall be able to safely operate at night under VFR conditions.

The applicant for a night helicopter rating receives a certificate of satisfactory completion of the instruction that can be used for licence endorsement. No skill test is required.

Theoretical knowledge training

Part 3	REV0 / TBD

Theoretical knowledge subjects

3.1	REV0 / TBD

Theory hours
Night VMC minima Rules about airspace control at night and facilities available Rules about aerodrome ground, runway, landing site and obstruction lighting Aircraft navigation lights and collision avoidance rules	1:00
Physiological aspects of night vision and orientation Dangers of disorientation at night	1:00
Dangers of weather deterioration at night	0:45
Instrument systems or functions and errors Instrument lighting and emergency cockpit lighting systems	0:45
Map marking for use under cockpit lighting Practical navigation principles Radio navigation principles Planning and use of safety altitude Danger from icing conditions, avoidance and escape manoeuvres	1:30
Total:	5:00

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Flight instruction

Part 4	REV0 / TBD

List of air exercises sections:

1	Instrument training

2	DUAL training

3	SOLO training

For air exercises of section 1 (1.1 to 1.4), up to 50% of the required flight training may be completed in an FSTD(H). However, all items within each exercise should be conducted in a helicopter in-flight.

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1.1	Basic instrument flight 1

Instructor briefing	Instrument flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	2:30	-	0:15	Helicopter / FSTD

Program

Basic maneuvers when flying by sole reference to instruments

Transition to instrument flight from visual flight

Turns with maximum 30° bank angle in simulated IMC conditions

Exercise content

Basic instrument flying

Direct and indirect indications (performance instruments)

Systematic scanning during instrument flight

Selective radial scan

Instrument appreciation

Use of FGS and autopilot including operational limitations (if installed)

Physiological considerations

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Correct interpretation of attitude indicator

Systematic radial scanning during all flight phases

Personal:

Note: the training should be completed in simulated IMC and may be completed in daylight.

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.2	Basic instrument flight 2

Instructor briefing	Instrument flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	2:30	-	0:15	Helicopter / FSTD

Program

Steep turns in simulated IMC conditions

Recovery from unusual attitude by sole reference to instruments

Exercise content

Systematic scanning during steep-turns

Recovery from unusual attitudes with use of instruments only

Recoveries from climbing and descending turns

Disorientation

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Steep turns within tolerances

Correct recovery from unusual attitude

Personal:

Note: the training should be completed in simulated IMC and may be completed in daylight.

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.3	Radio navigation 1

Instructor briefing	Instrument flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	2:30	-	0:15	Helicopter / FSTD

Program

Use of radio navigation aids when flying by sole reference to instruments, position finding and tracking

Exercise content

Spatial orientation

Radials interception

Mental flexibility for transposition of information convenient for navigation

Use of NDB, VOR, DME and GNSS

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Spatial orientation

Correct radial interception technique

Personal:

Note: the training should be completed in simulated IMC and may be completed in daylight.

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.4	Radio navigation 2

Instructor briefing	Instrument flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	2:30	-	0:15	Helicopter / FSTD

Program

Use of radar assistance and radio navigation aids

Exercise content

NAV setting

The importance of look-out and airspace scanning

Secondary surveillance radar (transponder): code selection

ATC procedures with demonstration of radar assistance (radar vectors)

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Application of radio navigation technique including proper NAV setting

Use of radio navigation equipment

Personal:

Note: the training should be completed in simulated IMC and may be completed in daylight.

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.1	Introduction to night operation

Instructor briefing	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	Helicopter

Program

Pre-flight inspection using torch, cockpit lighting, etc. and how to preserve night vision

Night flight around aerodrome VFR entry points

Exercise content

Legislation during night operation

Helicopter lights system (internal and external, including use and adjustment of landing light)

Reference point during night

Scanning technique

Hover taxi differences at night (higher and slower than by day, avoidance of unintended sideways or backwards movements)

Night take-off and circuit techniques

Level flight

Transition to climb and descent

Approach and transition to hover

Night landing technique (constant angle) with or without visual approach aids to heliports and illuminated touchdown areas

Local area orientation

Significance of lights on other aircraft

Division of piloting effort external / internal instrument reference

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Stable departure segment

Correct scanning technique

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.2	Night circuits

Instructor briefing	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:00	-	0:15	Helicopter

Program

Night circuits at base aerodrome and / or heliport and / or illuminated touchdown areas

Hover exercises

Exercise content

Hover taxi at night (higher and slower than by day, avoidance of unintended sideways or backwards movements)

Night illusions

Traffic lookout at night

Aerodrome / heliport / touchdown area lighting system

Approach with or without visual approach aids

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Safe and correct circuits at night

Safe approaches with constant angle and landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.3	Night emergencies

Instructor briefing	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:00	-	0:15	Helicopter

Program

Abandoned take-off

Simulated engine failure (to be terminated with power recovery at a safe altitude)

Simulated forced landing (with flares if appropriate)

Simulated engine failure, including single engine approach and landing (multi engine only)

Partial panel operation

Electrical failures

Simulated hydraulic control failure (to include landing)

Other malfunctions and emergency procedures as required by the aircraft manual

Exercise content

System failures at the discretion of the FI (as required by aircraft manual): corrective action during leaks of oil, fuel, hydraulic, coolant, etc.

Engine failure handling (to be terminated with power recovery at a safe altitude)

RECO at night

Problems with flight controls

Partial panel

Electrical failures

Internal and external lighting failure

Aerodrome / heliport / touchdown area lighting system failure

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Independent actions and decisions after technical malfunctions

Correct application of emergency and abnormal procedures / checklists

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.4	Night cross country navigation

Instructor briefing	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:30	-	0:15	Helicopter

Program

Night cross country flying (practice dual and as SPIC to a satisfactory standard)

Simulated inadvertent entry into IMC (not on base leg or final)

Exercise content

Particular emphasis on flight planning for night cross country technique

Map marking

Selection of ground features visible at night

Emphasis on maintaining the «minimum safe altitude»

Alternate aerodromes / heliports

Restricted recognition of weather deterioration

Lost procedures

Engine failure considerations

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Correct and complete preparation of briefing

Correct navigation with submitted flight plan at night

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.1	Solo night circuits

Instructor briefing	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:50	5	0:15	Helicopter

Program

Solo night circuits with appropriate weather conditions

The instructor observes the flight from ground

Exercise content

Additional items and questions according to instructor

Administration before solo flight

Administration after night helicopter training (FOCA form, endorsement, logbook, etc.)

Theoretical basis

…

Targets

Safe operation at night

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

Time scale

4.1	REV0 / TBD

The table on the following page shows the breakdown of hours for flight instruction of the night helicopter training course.

No	Air exercise	Instructor briefing	Instrument flight session	Night flight session	SOLO landings	Instructor debriefing
1.1	Basic instrument flight 1	0:30	2:30	-	-	0:15
1.2	Basic instrument flight 2	0:30	2:30	-	-	0:15
1.3	Radio navigation 1	0:30	2:30	-	-	0:15
1.4	Radio navigation 2	0:30	2:30	-	-	0:15
2.1	Introduction to night operation	0:30	-	0:40	-	0:15
2.2	Night circuits	0:30	-	1:00	-	0:15
2.3	Night emergencies	0:30	-	1:00	-	0:15
2.4	Night cross country navigation	0:30	-	1:30	-	0:15
3.1	Solo night circuits	0:30	-	0:50	5	0:15
Totals:	4:30	10:00	5:00	5	2:15

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