Syllabus Template

Light Aircraft Pilot Licence Helicopter LAPL(H)

Appendix S01 to FOCA GM/INFO «Template: Training Manual (TM)»

LAPL(H) Source: www.pxhere.com, CC0

Scope	Syllabus for LAPL(H), published as a template in Word format, based on FCL Subpart B.
Who is concerned	Training organisations wishing to certify a new training programme in an ATO or to declare a new training programme in a DTO.
Valid from	01.03.2018
Purpose	The purpose of this template is to assist Approved Training Organisations (ATO) and Declared Training Organisations (DTO) in developing their training programme. It covers the major aspects of the required structure and content of a training syllabus and has been developed on the basis of the FOCA GM/INFO «Operations and Training Manual Certification Leaflet».

Document Reference	59-10
Version	Issue 1 / Revision 0
Registration No	GEVER 022.4-00113/00002/00003/00007/00001
Prepared by	SBFL M. Siegenthaler, F. Rhyn
Released by	SBFL/bid, Swiss Helicopter Association SHA
Distribution	Internal / External

Completion guidance

The information provided solely represent a possible means of how to provide the required information. An organisation must add further information or adapt the template to their specific needs.

The first two pages of this Word template are to be deleted by the organisation when adapting this template by clicking the red button below.

Text shown in blue italic indicates where the organisation needs to provide its own specific information or data.

In addition, all references to manuals, chapters and sub-chapters are shown in blue and are to be verified to ensure compliance with the ATO specific and own documentation.

Cover Page

Name of organisation

Address

Contact information

LEFT BLANK

LoR	Log of Revision

LoR	REV0 / TBD

Date	Issue	Revision (REV)	Changes
dd.mm.yyyy	1	0	Initial issue
…

LoC	List of Effective Chapters

LoC	REV0 / TBD

LoR	REV0 / TBD

LoC	REV0 / TBD

ToC	REV0 / TBD

LoA	REV0 / TBD

Part 1	REV0 / TBD

1.1	REV0 / TBD

1.2	REV0 / TBD

1.3	REV0 / TBD

1.4	REV0 / TBD

Part 2	REV0 / TBD

2.1	REV0 / TBD

2.2	REV0 / TBD

2.3	REV0 / TBD

2.4	REV0 / TBD

2.5	REV0 / TBD

2.6	REV0 / TBD

2.7	REV0 / TBD

2.8	REV0 / TBD

2.9	REV0 / TBD

Part 3	REV0 / TBD

3.1	REV0 / TBD

Part 4	REV0 / TBD

4.1	REV0 / TBD

LEFT BLANK

ToC	Table of Contents

ToC	REV0 / TBD

1	Student	1

1.1	Records	1

1.2	Attendance theoretical knowledge	3

1.3	Attendance flight instruction	7

1.4	Progress tests report	8

2	Introduction	9

2.1	Syllabus	9

2.2	The aim of the course	9

2.3	Pre-entry requirements	9

2.4	Summary of minimum training hours	10

2.4.1	Credits for previous experience	10

2.5	Theoretical knowledge training	10

2.6	Flight instruction	10

2.6.1	Air exercises	10

2.7	Teaching materials	11

2.8	Time scale	11

2.9	Course completion standards and skill test	11

2.9.1	Extension of the privileges to another type or variant of helicopter	11

3	Theoretical knowledge training	13

3.1	Theoretical knowledge subjects and time scale	13

4	Flight instruction	15

4.1	Time scale	107

LEFT BLANK

LoA	List of Abbreviations

LoA	REV0 / TBD

The following abbreviations are within this syllabus:

Abbreviation	Definition
ADF	Automatic Direction Finding
AGL	Above Ground Level
ATC	Air Traffic Control
ATO	Approved Training Organisation
AUM	All Up Mass
BAK	Basic Aviation Knowledge
CFI	Chief Flight Instructor
CDI	Course Deviation Indicator
CG	Centre of Gravity
CTR	Control zone
DABS	Daily Airspace Bulletin Switzerland
DF	Direction Finder
DME	Distance Measuring Equipment
DTO	Declared Training Organisation
EASA	European Aviation Safety Agency
ERPM	Engine Revolution Per Minute
ETA	Estimated Time of Arrival
FCL	Flight Crew Licence
FFS	Full Flight Simulator
FOCA	Federal Office of Civil Aviation
ft	feet
G	Gravity acceleration
GNSS	Global Navigation Satellite System
(H)	Helicopter
H/V	Height / Velocity diagram
HIGE	Hover In Ground Effect
HT	Head of Training
HOGE	Hover Out of Ground Effect
IAS	Indicated Air Speed
ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organisation
km	kilometre
LAPL	Light Aircraft Pilot Licence
LoA	Log of Abbreviations
LoC	List of Effective Chapters
LoR	Log of Revisions
NAV	Navigation
NDB	Non-Directional Beacon
NM	Nautical Mile
NOTAM	Notice To Airmen
OBS	Omni Bearing Selector
OFP	Operational Flight Plan
PAPI	Precision Approach Path Indicator
PIC	Pilot In Command
QDM	Magnetic bearing to a station
RECO	Reconnaissance of landing site
REV	Revision
RFM	Rotorcraft Flight Manual
RPPAA	Rotor RPM / Power / Performance / Analyse / Action
RRPM	Rotor Revolution Per Minute
ROC	Rate of climb
SBFL	BAZL Abteilung Sicherheit Flugbetrieb (SB), Sektion Flugschulen und Leichtaviatik
TM	Training Manual
TMA	Terminal area
ToC	Table of Content
TOC	Top Of Climb
TOD	Top Of Descend
VAC	Visual Approach Chart
VASI	Visual Approach Slope Indicator
VDF	VHF Direction Finding
VFR	Visual Flight Rules
VHF	Very High Frequency
VOR	VHF Omnidirectional Range
VClimb	Climb speed
VY	Best rate of climb speed
WAHIBELU	Wind / Anflugachse / Hindernisse / Beleuchtung / Umgebung

Student

Part 1	REV0 / TBD

Records

1.1	REV0 / TBD

Personal data

last name:	first name:
licence number (if available):	signature:

Pre-entry requirements fulfilled

HT / CFI signature:	date:

Documents to be stored

«Chapter 1» of this syllabus	logbook page with LAPL(H) endorsement
«Chapter 1» of the respective type rating syllabus	progress tests answer sheets
theoretical examinations results	VFR radiotelephony practical examination result
language proficiency examination result	FOCA form 61.220 and attachments
HT / CFI signature:	date:

LEFT BLANK

Attendance theoretical knowledge

1.2	REV0 / TBD

Theory hours	Date	Instructor signature
010 lesson 1 Classroom theory International law: conventions, agreements and organisations Airworthiness of aircraft Aircraft nationality and registration marks	1:00 0:45 0:15
010 lesson 2 Classroom theory Personnel licencing Rules of the air Procedures for air navigation services: aircraft operations	0:45 0:45 0:30
010 lesson 3 Classroom theory Air traffic management Aeronautical information service Aerodromes Search and rescue	0:30 0:30 0:40 0:20
010 lesson 4 Classroom theory Security Aircraft accident and incident investigation National law	0:20 0:40 1:00
020 lesson 1 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment (1)	2:00
020 lesson 2 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment (2)	2:00
020 lesson 3 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment (3)	2:00
020 lesson 4 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment (4)	2:00
020 lesson 6 Classroom theory Instrumentation (1)	2:00
020 lesson 7 Classroom theory Instrumentation (2)	2:00
020 lesson 8 Classroom theory Instrumentation (3)	2:00
020 lesson 9 Classroom theory Instrumentation (4)	2:00
030 lesson 1 Classroom theory Mass and balance (1)	2:00
030 lesson 2 Classroom theory Mass and balance (2) Performance (1)	1:00 1:00
030 lesson 3 Classroom theory Performance (2) Flight planning and monitoring (1)	1:00 1:00
030 lesson 4 Classroom theory Flight planning and monitoring (2)	2:00

Theory hours	Date	Instructor signature
040 lesson 1 Classroom theory Human factors: basic concepts	2:00
040 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance (1)	2:00
040 lesson 3 Classroom theory Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance (2)	2:00
040 lesson 4 Classroom theory Basic aviation psychology	2:00
050 lesson 1 Classroom theory Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division (1)	2:00
050 lesson 2 Classroom theory Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division (2) Air temperature	1:00 1:00
050 lesson 3 Classroom theory Atmospheric pressure	2:00
050 lesson 4 Classroom theory Air density ICAO standard atmosphere	1:30 0:30
050 lesson 5 Classroom theory Altimetry	2:00
050 lesson 6 Classroom theory Definition and measurement of wind (1)	2:00
050 lesson 7 Classroom theory Definition and measurement of wind (2) Primary cause of wind (1)	1:00 1:00
050 lesson 8 Classroom theory Primary cause of wind (2)	2:00

Theory hours	Date	Instructor signature
060 lesson 1 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (1)	2:00
060 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (2) Magnetism and compasses	1:00 1:00
060 lesson 3 Classroom theory Charts	2:00
060 lesson 4 Classroom theory Dead reckoning navigation	2:00
060 lesson 5 Classroom theory In-flight navigation	2:00
060 lesson 6 Classroom theory Basic radio propagation theory Radar	1:00 1:00
060 lesson 7 Classroom theory Radio aids	2:00
060 lesson 8 Classroom theory GNSS	2:00
060 lesson 1 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (1)	2:00
060 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (2) Magnetism and compasses	1:00 1:00
060 lesson 3 Classroom theory Charts	2:00
060 lesson 4 Classroom theory Dead reckoning navigation	2:00
060 lesson 5 Classroom theory In-flight navigation	2:00
060 lesson 6 Classroom theory Basic radio propagation theory Radar	1:00 1:00
060 lesson 7 Classroom theory Radio aids	2:00
060 lesson 8 Classroom theory GNSS	2:00
070 lesson 1 Classroom theory General requirements	2:00
070 lesson 2 Classroom theory Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects) (1)	2:00
070 lesson 3 Classroom theory Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects) (2)	2:00
070 lesson 4 Classroom theory Emergency procedures	2:00

Theory hours	Date	Instructor signature
080 lesson 1 Classroom theory Subsonic aerodynamics (1)	2:00
080 lesson 2 Classroom theory Subsonic aerodynamics (2) Transonic aerodynamics and compressibility effects Rotorcraft types	1:00 0:30 0:30
080 lesson 3 Classroom theory Main rotor aerodynamics Main rotor mechanics Tail rotors	0:45 0:45 0:30
080 lesson 4 Classroom theory Equilibrium, stability and control Helicopter performances	1:00 1:00
091 lesson 1 Classroom theory Definitions General operating procedures (1)	1:00 1:00
091 lesson 2 Classroom theory General operating procedures (2) Relevant weather information terms (VFR) (1)	1:00 1:00
091 lesson 3 Classroom theory Relevant weather information terms (VFR) (2)	2:00
091 lesson 4 Classroom theory Action required to be taken in case of communication failure	2:00
091 lesson 5 Classroom theory Distress and urgency procedures	2:00
091 lesson 6 Classroom theory General principles of VHF propagation and allocation of frequencies	2:00
Total:	100:00

Attendance flight instruction

1.3	REV0 / TBD

1	Basic

1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7

2	Standard procedures 1

2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5

3	Abnormal procedures 1

3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5

4	Navigation 1

4.1	4.2	4.3

5	Standard procedures 2 and first solo

5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.9

6	Abnormal procedures 2

6.1	6.2	6.3	6.4

7	Navigation 2

7.1	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.5

8	Basic radio navigation

8.1	8.2	8.3

9	Revision before LAPL(H) skill test

9.1	9.2	9.3	9.4	grey shading solo flights

Progress tests report

1.4	REV0 / TBD

The student shall pass all the progress tests, with a minimum result of 75%, before formal application from ATO / DTO Name for the theoretical knowledge examination.

Code (A/B/C)	Result	Pass / Not pass	Date	Instructor signature
Attempt 1	010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
091

Attempt 2	010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
091

Attempt 3	010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
091

Introduction

Part 2	REV0 / TBD

Syllabus

2.1	REV0 / TBD

This syllabus, produced by ATO / DTO Name for the light aircraft pilot licence (helicopter), conforms to the requirements of Part FCL. The purpose of this syllabus is to provide all the information required, to students and to instructors who are involved in the training course.

The training consists of theoretical knowledge training and flight instruction by an instructor who is authorized to instruct toward a LAPL(H).

Training elements, related to the specific type of helicopter used for the skill test, are covered by the separate type rating syllabus.

The aim of the course

2.2	REV0 / TBD

The training course is designed to give the student adequate theoretical knowledge, training in ground handling and flying techniques based on established teaching methods.

The aim of the training course is to become proficient in single pilot helicopter operation under VFR weather conditions, including mountain and radio navigation. A fundamental part of the training course is to stress the importance of decision making as a pilot in command. Therefore, this training course gives the student:

a thorough knowledge of the aircraft systems, powerplant, avionics and their associated limitations;

a knowledge of the positioning and operation of the flight deck controls and indicators for the aircraft and its systems;

an understanding of system malfunctions, their effect on aircraft operations and interaction with other systems;

an understanding of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures stated in the rotorcraft flight manual; and

an understanding of performance and mass and balance charts.

During the training course the student is made aware of hazardous attitudes and their effect on flight safety. Safety awareness and risk management are a fundamental part of the course.

Pre-entry requirements

2.3	REV0 / TBD

Before being accepted for training the student shall:

be informed that the appropriate medical certificate must be obtained before solo flying is permitted.

Before first solo flight, the student shall:

be at least 16 years of age; and

hold at least a Medical certificate class LAPL.

For the LAPL(H) skill test, the applicant shall:

be at least 17 years of age.

Summary of minimum training hours

2.4	REV0 / TBD

The training course includes:

100 hours of theoretical knowledge training;

40 hours of flight instruction on helicopters, including at least:

20 hours of dual flight instruction;

10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross country flight time with at least 1 cross country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), with 1 full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of departure; and

35 of the 40 hours of flight instruction have to be completed on the same type of helicopter as the one used for the skill test. The skill test is additional to the training course time.

Credits for previous experience

Applicants with prior experience as PIC may be credited towards the requirements in b).

The amount of credits is decided by ATO / DTO Name, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case:

not exceed the total flight time as PIC;

not exceed 50% of the hours required in b); and

not include the requirements in b) ii).

Theoretical knowledge training

2.5	REV0 / TBD

The theoretical knowledge training consists of all instruction given for the purpose of the training course and includes classroom lessons.

Additional theoretical knowledge necessary for the specific air exercise are covered by the instructor during the instructor’s briefing.

Flight instruction

2.6	REV0 / TBD

Before allowing the student to undertake his / her first solo flight, the instructor shall ensure that the student can operate the required systems and equipment and can use radiotelephony communication.

The numbering of air exercises has to be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide: therefore the demonstrations and practices do not necessarily need to be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following interrelated factors:

the student progress and ability;

the weather conditions affecting the flight;

the available flight time;

instructional technique considerations;

the local operating environment; and

the applicability of the exercises to the helicopter type.

Air exercises

Air exercises are not independent, therefore sessions can be combined; times reported on the air exercise table are indicative only. Each of the exercises involves the need for the applicant to be aware of good airmanship and look-out, which should be emphasised at all times.

Teaching materials

2.7	REV0 / TBD

The following list represents the reference material that covers the subject details shown in the main body of the syllabus:

Basic aviation knowledge BAK (Aéro Club)

Swiss VFR manual (Skyguide)

Aviation weather quick reference (MeteoSwiss)

Basics and procedures (Helicopter School Association)

Rotorcraft flight manual (RFM)

…

Time scale

2.8	REV0 / TBD

The LAPL(H) theoretical examination shall be completed within 18 months from the first examination attempt; LAPL(H) skill test shall be completed within 24 months after the complete pass of the theoretical examinations.

The co-ordination of ground and flight training is a necessary and important part of any pilot course. Particular care should be given in ensuring that flying training sessions are appropriate to the student’s level of theoretical knowledge.

Course completion standards and skill test

2.9	REV0 / TBD

Upon completion of the training course, the student has the experience, the competence in flying and the knowledge for the initial issue of a LAPL(H) and is aware of the privileges of the licence and of the responsibilities and duties as pilot-in-command.

The applicant for a LAPL(H) shall demonstrate to an examiner the ability to handle the helicopter safely and confidently under normal, abnormal and emergency operations, including pre-flight and post-flight.

Extension of the privileges to another type or variant of helicopter

Refer to Part FCL.135.H.

LEFT BLANK

Theoretical knowledge training

Part 3	REV0 / TBD

Theoretical knowledge subjects and time scale

3.1	REV0 / TBD

Theory hours
010 Air law and ATC procedures	8:00
International law: conventions, agreements and organisations	1:00
Airworthiness of aircraft	0:45
Aircraft nationality and registration marks	0:15
Personnel licencing	0:45
Rules of the air	0:45
Procedures for air navigation services: aircraft operations	0:30
Air traffic management	0:30
Aeronautical information service	0:30
Aerodromes, external take-off sites	0:40
Search and rescue	0:20
Security	0:20
Aircraft accident and incident investigation	0:40
National law	1:00
020 Aircraft general knowledge	16:00
Airframe and systems, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment	8:00
Instrumentation	8:00
030 Flight performance and planning	8:00
Mass and balance	3:00
Performance	2:00
Flight planning and flight monitoring	3:00
040 Human performance	8:00
Human factors: basic concepts	2:00
Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance	4:00
Basic aviation psychology	2:00
050 Meteorology	16:00
Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division	3:00
Air temperature	1:00
Atmospheric pressure	2:00
Air density	1:30
ICAO standard atmosphere	0:30
Altimetry	2:00
Definition and measurement of wind	3:00
Primary cause of wind	3:00

Theory hours
060 Navigation	16:00
Basics of navigation	3:00
Magnetism and compasses	1:00
Charts	2:00
Dead reckoning navigation	2:00
In-flight navigation	2:00
Basic radio propagation theory	1:00
Radio aids	2:00
Radar	1:00
GNSS	2:00
070 Operational procedures	8:00
General requirements	2:00
Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects)	4:00
Emergency procedures	2:00
080 Principles of flight	8:00
Subsonic aerodynamics	3:00
Transonic aerodynamics and compressibility effects	0:30
Rotorcraft types	0:30
Main rotor aerodynamics	0:45
Main rotor mechanics	0:45
Tail rotors	0:30
Equilibrium, stability and control	1:00
Helicopter performances	1:00
091 VFR communication	12:00
Definitions	1:00
General operating procedures	2:00
Relevant weather information terms (VFR)	3:00
Action required to be taken in case of communication failure	2:00
Distress and urgency procedures	2:00
General principles of VHF propagation and allocation of frequencies	2:00
Total:	100:00

Flight instruction

Part 4	REV0 / TBD

List of air exercises sections:

1	Basic

2	Standard procedures 1

3	Abnormal procedures 1

4	Navigation 1

5	Standard procedures 2 and first solo

6	Abnormal procedures 2

7	Navigation 2

8	Basic radio navigation

9	Revision before LAPL(H) skill test

LEFT BLANK

1.1	Familiarisation flight

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:45	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Introduce the student to the rotary wing flight

Straight and level flight

Exercise content

Acclimatization to the flight

Characteristics of the helicopter, external features

Cockpit layout

Function of flight controls, primary and secondary effect

Identification and concept of appropriate reference points

The student pilot executes every phase of the flight

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

The student is comfortably installed and has a good feeling with the helicopter

Understanding of reference point

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.2	Flight attitude 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
1:00	0:45	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Local flight exercise

Reference points

At normal cruising power, attaining and maintaining straight and level flight

Setting power for selected air speed and speed changes

Exercise content

Flight authorisation and helicopter acceptance

Serviceability documents

Checklists, procedures and controls

Equipment required (maps, etc.)

External and internal checks

Student comfort: seat, harness and flight control adjustment

Starting and warm-up checks clutch engagement and starting rotors

Power checks

Control in pitch, including use of control friction or trim

Maintaining direction and balance (ball or yaw string use)

Use of radio and instrument checks

Running down system checks and switching OFF the engine

Parking, security and picketing

Completion of authorisation sheet and helicopter serviceability documents

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

The student is comfortably installed and has a good feeling with the helicopter

Correct straight and level flight

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.3	Flight attitude 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:50	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Demonstration of HIGE, importance of wind effect and attitude, ground cushion, stability in the hover and effects of over controlling

Hover exercises

Exercise content

Reference point

Relationship between cyclic control position, disc attitude, fuselage attitude and air speed

Effect of: air speed, power changes (torque), yaw (sideslip) and disc loading (bank and flare)

Primary and secondary effects

Controls of selecting hydraulics ON / OFF

Use of carburettor heat or anti-icing control, as applicable

Operation of cabin heating / ventilation systems

Student holding cyclic stick only, student holding collective lever (and throttle) only, student handling collective lever, (throttle) and pedals and student handling all controls

Other engine and ancillary controls

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 11 a

…

Targets

Lift, weight, drag and traction knowledge

Correct altitude control

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.4	Flight attitude 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:50	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Turns: straight flight, climb and descend

Power and air speed changes in level flight

Level-off at selected altitudes or heights

Exercise content

Forces and stability including relationship to CG during all flight phases and identification of reference point

Optimum climb / descent speed, best angle or rate of climb / descent from power required diagram

Visual attitude for descent, climb and level flight, including effect of power and air speed

Initiation, maintaining the normal and maximum rate of climb / descent, levelling off

Power required diagram in relation to air speed

Initiation and maintaining medium level turns and resuming straight flight

Turns onto selected headings use of gyro heading indicator and compass

Climbing and descending turns and effect on rate of climb or descent

Altitude, bank and coordination

Control of airspace and look-out

Airmanship

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: 7, 8 and 9

…

Targets

Correct sequence of level-off procedure

Correct speed control

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.5	Flight attitude 4

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:50	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Take-off exercises in different wind conditions

Straight and level flight at various power settings, at selected air speeds

Exercise content

Control of direction and turning (including manoeuvring in confined spaces)

Effects of ground surface (HIGE)

Instrument checks, including engine and air speed limitations

Pre-take-off checks or drills

Take-off, control of helicopter during lift-off: lifting to hover

After take-off checks

The effects of wind during take-off and landing (crosswind and downwind)

After landing checks or drills

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 12.1

…

Targets

Correct ground operations and checklists

Correct torque compensation with pedals

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.6	Flight attitude 5

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:50	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Demonstration of ground and wind effect

Gentle forward running touch-down (careful introduction)

Hover exercises in different wind conditions

Application of go-around procedures

Exercise content

Recognition and control of loss of translational lift

Standard procedures and power settings

Go-around procedures and compensation of torque

Identification of adverse situation requiring a go-around

Effect of wind direction on helicopter attitude and control margin

Stationary hover with head / cross / tail wind conditions

Precise ground speed and height control

Specific hazards: for example snow, dust and litter

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 12.2

…

Targets

Systematic correction during approach to the hover position

Correct application of go-around procedure including compensation of torque

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

1.7	Flight attitude 6

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:45	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Hover taxi exercises

Sideways and backwards manoeuvring (including combination)

Flapback

Exercise content

Passenger briefing

Escape drills (land / water), location and use of emergency equipment and exits

Control of direction and turning (including manoeuvring in confined spaces)

Limitations for sideways and backwards manoeuvring

Manoeuvring sideways and / or backwards flight heading into and out of wind

Recovery from backwards manoeuvring (pitch nose down)

Stability and weather cocking

Flapback and its effects

Marshalling signals, airmanship and ATC procedures

Parking area procedures and precautions

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 11 b

…

Targets

Correct sideways and backwards manoeuvring

Good knowledge of cockpit layout

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.1	Circuits introduction

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Circuits with systematic corrections on final approach

Application of go-around procedures

Exercise content

Geometry of ICAO standard circuit

Standard procedures and power settings during circuit

Approach, corrections on final approach

Go-around procedures and compensation of torque

Noise abatement procedures

Danger of horizontal movement near ground

Danger of mishandling and overpitching

Final approach down to «safety window» followed by landing (without sideways or backwards movement) or go-around

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14.2

…

Targets

Correct standard circuit geometry

Correct spatial orientation

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.2	Circuits 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Flight around aerodrome VFR entry points

Geographical references for base aerodrome circuit and / or training area

Exercise content

Introduction to Swiss VFR manual, including non-standard circuits and local procedures

Air traffic control procedures

Arrival and aerodrome joining and leaving procedures

Circuit procedures, downwind and base leg

Pre-landing checks

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14.2

…

Targets

Identification of aerodrome entry points

Correct circuit geometry

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.3	Circuits 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Maintaining constant height (20-30 ft AGL)

Transition from hover to minimum 50 kt IAS and back to hover

Exercise content

Departure segment

Systematic approach angle correction (constant angle approach)

Visualisation of the reference point

Ground effect, transitional lift and its effects (effect of wind)

Go-around procedure

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: 13.1, 13.2 and 14.3

…

Targets

Stable departure segment

Systematic correction during final approach

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.4	Circuits 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Continuous deceleration with cyclic

Final approach «safety windows» and «reference point»

Factors affecting the final approach, correction of deviations and early recognition of trends

Use of ground effect

Increase in precision

Approach followed by landing or go-around

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14.4

…

Targets

Early correction of deviation

Correct application of go-around procedure

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

2.5	Circuits 4

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Consolidation of circuit

Effect of wind on approach and HIGE

Effect of wind speed and direction during transitions from or to the hover

Crosswind approach and landing

Windshear awareness

Wake turbulence and downwash awareness

Independent initiation of go-around procedure if necessary

Systematic correction on final approach

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: 13.1 and 13.2

…

Targets

Regular and stabilized final approach

Safe landings with controlled touch-down

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.1	Flight envelope’s limits 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

HOGE exercises

Demonstration of incipient stage of vortex ring, recognition and recovery (from a safe altitude)

Instructor briefing

Drift, height or power control during HOGE

Characteristics and factors affecting of the vortex

The effects of the blade stall

Incipient stage of vortex ring, recognition and recovery (various entry situations)

Consequences of wrong reaction

Vortex condition during recovery

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness

Airmanship

Exercise content

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 18

…

Targets

Recognition and correct recovery procedure of vortex ring

Correct flight attitude and speed control during vortex ring recovery

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.2	Non-standard approaches and circuits

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Random circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area, corrections from various outsets

Quick stops into wind

Crosswind and downwind landings

Instructor briefing

Exercise content

Consolidation of circuit

Increase in precision

Correction of deviations, early recognition of trends

Keeping to the approach profile with different outsets

Factors affecting the final approach

Approach and landing with power

Running landing

Zero speed landing

Ground effect during landing

Quick stops: use pf power and controls, effect of wind

Quick stops from crosswind and downwind terminating into wind

Danger of vortex ring and high disc loading during quick stops

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 24

…

Targets

Early correction of deviation leading to a regular and stabilized final approach

Correct quick stop procedure in different situations

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.3	Abnormal procedures 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Simulated engine failure during hover and hover taxi

Exercise content

Abandoned take-off

RPPAA philosophy

Recognition of engine failure

Control inputs during autorotation out of hover flight

Knowledge of relevant systems

Exercise content

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: 10 and 11 c

…

Targets

Correct application of emergency and abnormal procedures / checklists

Appropriate control inputs during autorotation out of hover flight

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.4	Emergency and precautionary landing 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
1:00	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Entry into autorotation and descent with correct parameters until 1000 ft/AGL with go-around

Long stabilised final without precision point (simulated engine failure constant attitude)

Training of approach angle correction with track, IAS change and / or RRPM change

Straight in autorotation with defined precision point

Autorotation training with varying initial altitude, precision points and entry IAS

Simulated engine failure from transition and low level

Exercise content

Possible causes leading to emergency or precautionary landing

Importance and structure of departure briefing

Safety checks, verbal warning and look-out before autorotation exercise

Engine failure handling: control of air speed and RRPM, rotor and engine limitation

The effect of weight, disc loading, density attitude and RRPM decay

Optimum use of cyclic and collective to control speed or RRPM

Autorotation entry, development and characteristics

Control inputs

Setting of priorities

Variable flare simulated engine failure landing

Eye reference during flare

Ditching

Missed approach and go-around

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 10

…

Targets

Correct energy management during autorotation

Adequate approach angle corrections

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

3.5	Instruments failures

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Partial panel flight during aerodrome circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Standard departure briefing

Identification of flight instruments

Instruments incorrect indication

Corrective and systematic action during partial panel flight (all primary flight instruments including RRPM indicator shall be covered up)

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Correct setting of priorities

Safe flight operation during partial panel flight

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

4.1	Cross country navigation 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
1:00	1:10	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Navigation with known route (dead reckoning)

Exercise content

Choice of route: controlled airspace, danger, prohibited and restricted areas, safety altitude and noise abatement considerations

Working with ICAO charts and operational flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation

Weather forecast and actual(s)

Calculations: magnetic heading(s) and time(s) enroute, fuel consumption and mass and balance

Notification of the flight and flight plans form

Pre-flight administrative procedures

Organisation of cockpit workload

Maintenance of height or altitude and heading

Systematic navigational procedures (setting heading procedure, track-line, noting of ETA, log keeping and 5-T rule)

Uncertainty of position procedure / lost procedure

Revision of ETA and heading: 10° line, double track and track error and closing angle, 1 in 60 rule and amending an ETA

Transiting controlled or regular airspace

Airspace structure

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 a

…

Targets

Independent navigation and approach

Correct cockpit management

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

4.2	Cross country navigation 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	1:10	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Navigation with known route (dead reckoning) to the alternate aerodrome generally used

Departure and arrival procedures according VAC

Exercise content

NOTAM

Radio frequencies for the selected route

Selection of alternate landing site

Calculations: take-off and landing performance

Helicopter documentation

Departure and arrival procedure: altimeter settings and ATC liaison in controlled or regulated airspace

Map reading, identification of ground features

Approach to an external airport: arrival procedures, entering the traffic pattern (joining procedure) and circuit

Closing of flight plan

Administration at airport: parking, refuelling, security of helicopter and post-flight administrative procedures

Hazard avoidance techniques

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 a

…

Targets

Correct and complete preparation of briefing

Correct navigation with OFP

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

4.3	Mountain cross country navigation 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	2:10	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Climb in accordance with OFP and application of different climb speeds

Orbits in mountain region to gain altitude

Application and escape procedure during pass and / or crest crossing

Action before descending and descend planning

Exercise content

Flight technique and tactics for alps crossing, basic navigation flight over the mountains

Navigation according to planning

Top of climb (TOC) and top of descend (TOD) calculation

Use of different speeds to achieve safe altitude at a specific point (VY, VClimb)

Specific weather situation and consideration on alpine region

Effect of wind and turbulence, drift angle and groundspeed checks

High altitude aerodrome operation

Limited power approach (explain danger of high speed at touch down)

Radio failures procedures

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 a

…

Targets

Correct navigation over the mountains

Correct pass and / or crest crossing techniques

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.1	Circuits 5

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

RECO: instructor selects the landing area

Random approaches

Circuits, including go-around

Correction from various outset

Exercise content

Systematic approach angle corrections, keeping the approach profile with different outset

Visualisation of the reference point

Importance of visual approach angle guidance system (VASI / PAPI)

Low and high circuits, corrections on approach angle

Importance of recognition (RECO): landing capability and performance assessment, locating landing site and assessing wind speed and direction, select markers and select direction and type of approach (for a landing outside an airport / operating site the acronym «WAHIBELU» is normally used)

Go-around if necessary (own judgement)

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14.1

…

Targets

Systematic RECO and landing zone judgement

Recognize and correct deviations on approach angle systematically

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.2	Circuits 6

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

RECO: student selects the landing area

Approaches and circuit to confined areas

Approach to committed point and go-around

Departure from confined area

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Running take-off

Vertical take-off over obstacles and from hover

Normal take-off to best angle of climb speed

Clearing turn in confined area

Landing and take-off out of wind (performance reduction)

Ground effect, translational lift and directional stability variation when out of wind

Downwind transitions

Independent initiation of go-around procedure if necessary

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14.1

…

Targets

Systematic RECO

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.3	Before first solo flight

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Instructor briefing

Warn of low tail, low skid or wheel during hover and landing

Warn of dangers of loss of RRPM and overpitching

Action if an emergency

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Ready for first solo flight

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.4	First solo flight

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	0:30	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo circuits / approaches / landings (or go-around if judged necessary) at base aerodrome and / or training area with appropriate flight preparation, checks, procedures and weather conditions (into wind take-off)

The instructor observes the flight from ground

Exercise content

Briefing before first solo flight

Limitations

Use of required equipment

Warn of change of attitude from reduced and laterally displaced weight

Administration before first solo flight

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 15

…

Targets

Safe operation

Personal:

Condition for first solo flight

Minimum age 16 years

Medical certificate class 1 / 2 / LAPL

Navigation flight to alternate aerodrome (4.2)

Dual flight immediately before first solo flight (5.3)

Student’s solo flight authorisation

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.5	Circuits 7

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Spot turns (through 360º)

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Control and coordination during spot turns

Turn on spot through 360º: around pilots position, around tail rotor, around helicopter geometric centre, square and safe visibility clearing turn

Rotor RPM control, torque effect, cyclic limiting stops due to CG position and wind speed and direction

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 17

…

Targets

Correct spot turns

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.6	Circuits 8

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	0:40	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area with appropriate weather conditions

The instructor observes the flight from ground

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.7	Circuits 9

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Normal circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

AFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Correct and systematic set-up of approach and priority

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.8	Circuits 10

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	0:40	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area with appropriate weather conditions

The instructor observes the flight from ground

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

5.9	Circuits 11

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	0:40	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo circuits at base aerodrome and / or training area with appropriate weather conditions

The instructor observes the flight from ground

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Safe landings

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

6.1	Flight envelope’s limits 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
1:00	1:00	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Steep turns with various speeds and bank angles

Sloping ground manoeuvres with increasing complicacy

Exercise content

Helicopter flight envelope’s limits

Steep approaches: danger of high sink rate and low speed

Faults in the turn: balance, attitude, bank and co-ordination

RRPM control and disc loading

Vibration and control feedback

Effect of wind at low level

Wind and slope relationship: blade and control stops

Limitations and assessing slope angle: right skid, left skid and nose up slope

Effect of CG when on slope

Ground effect on slope and power required

Avoidance of dynamic roll over and dangers of soft ground and sideways movement on touchdown

Danger of striking main or tail rotor by harsh control movement near ground

Power check and performance assessment in and out of ground effect

Steep (level) turns (30° bank)

Maximum rate turns (45° bank)

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: 14 b1, 14 b2, 22 and 27

…

Targets

Smooth control inputs during sloping ground manoeuvres

Steep turns within tolerances

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

6.2	Emergency and precautionary landing 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Autorotative descents with varying IAS, RRPM and / or turns

Selection of suitable precision points

Autorotations over a selected point at various height and speed

Constant attitude autorotation (terminate at safe altitude)

Dangers of mishandling and over-pitching

Instructor briefing

Height-velocity (H/V) diagram

Effects: on angles of descent, IAS, RRPM, of AUM, disc loading, G forces and density altitude

Max range autorotation (wind influence)

Procedure and choice of the forced landing area

Forced landing checks and crash action

Gentle, medium and steep turns during autorotation (180°, 360° and S-turns)

Autorotation into confined areas

Precision point

Re-engagement and go-around procedures (throttle over-ride or ERPM control)

Exercise content

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 10

…

Targets

Adequate energy management during autorotative descent

Manage to reach the defined precision point

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

6.3	Emergency and precautionary landing 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	0:50	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Simulated emergencies in the circuit

Simulated engine failure on take-off, crosswind, downwind and base leg

Stuck pedal in take-off, cruise and approach

Low speed autorotation

Exercise content

Tail rotor control or tail rotor drive failure (briefing only)

Governor failure

Use of radiotelephony «distress» procedure

Actions after landing, helicopter security

Airmanship and decision making

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14 c2

…

Targets

Independent actions and decisions after technical malfunctions

Correct decision making

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

6.4	Simulated systems’ failures and fire on board

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:40	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Hydraulic failures during circuit

Hydraulic off landing according RFM

Simulated engine fire during engine start

Simulated engine fire during hover taxi

Simulated emergency and abnormal situations according to instructor

Exercise content

System failures: corrective action during leaks: oil, fuel, hydraulic, coolant, etc.

Effect of hydraulic failure in the hover

Steering tactics during hydraulic failure

Safe landings without hydraulic support

Application of emergency procedures / checklists, by-heart drills

Action if fire on the ground and in the air

Engine, cabin and electrical system fire

Problems with flight and / or engine controls

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 14 c1

…

Targets

Independent actions and decisions after technical malfunctions

Correct application of emergency and abnormal procedures / checklists

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

7.1	Cross country navigation 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:20	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Navigation with known route and possible diversion

Fly to 1 external airport

Exercise content

Minimum weather conditions for continuation of flight, considerations and flight technique

Avoidance of moderate and heavy rain showers

Effects of precipitation

Bad weather circuit (joining procedure) and landing

Decision to divert or conduct precautionary landing: appropriate procedure and choice of landing area

In-flight decisions and re-planning: diversion procedure

Airmanship

Administration at external airport

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 a

…

Targets

Correct airmanship and decision making, ready for first solo cross country navigation flight

Correct handling of helicopter and systems during the whole flight

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

7.2	Solo cross country navigation 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	0:40	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo cross country navigation around the base aerodrome

Exercise content

Navigation according to planning

Working with ICAO charts and operational flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation

Hazards: obstacles, other aircraft and terrain

Difficulties of map reading

Administration before first solo cross country navigation

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Correct navigation according OFP

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

7.3	Solo cross country navigation 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	1:00	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo cross country navigation to 1 external airport

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Navigation according to planning

Working with ICAO charts and operational flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Correct navigation according OFP

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

7.4	Mountain cross country navigation 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	2:30	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Mountain navigation to 2 externals airports

Exercise content

Navigation over the mountains according to planning

Limited power checks: take-off power check and in-flight power check

Avoidance of noise sensitive areas

Approach to: low hover, hover and HOGE

Limited power landings: running zero speed

Go-around with limited power

Administration at externals airports

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 a

…

Targets

Safe overall operation, decision making

Independent navigation and approach

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

7.5	Solo cross country navigation 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	2:20	0:15	HELI

Program

Solo cross country navigation to 1 external airport (distance 80 NM)

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Administration before first solo cross country navigation over the mountains

Navigation according to planning

Working with ICAO charts and operational flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapters: …

…

Targets

Safe operation

Correct navigation according OFP

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

8.1	Basic radio navigation

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	0:45	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Tracking of CDI and OBS

Determination of radial

Obtaining a QDM and homing

Exercise content

Use of GNSS: selection of waypoints and errors messages

Use of VOR: availability, AIP, frequencies, selection and identification

TO or FROM indication and orientation

Obtaining a FIX with two VOR

Use of ADF (NDB): availability, AIP, frequencies, selection and identification

Use of VDF: availability, AIP and frequencies

Use of DME: station selection and identification, slant distance, ground speed and time to run

Orientation relative to the beacon

RTF procedures and ATC liaison

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 c

…

Targets

Correct use of radio navigation equipment

Spatial orientation

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

8.2	Cross country radio navigation

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:45	1:00	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Radio navigation to 1 external airport

Exercise content

Radio navigation according to planning

Use of en-route or terminal radar: availability and AIP, procedures and ATC liaison and pilot responsibility

Secondary surveillance radar (transponder): code selection, interrogation and replay

NAV setting: use of navaids

Approach to a new airport, circuit joining procedures and geometry

Administration at external airport

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 c

…

Targets

Application of radio navigation technique including proper NAV setting

Correct radio navigation

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

8.3	Solo cross country radio navigation

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	1:00	0:15	HELI

Program

Preparation of a complete pre-flight briefing (performance, mass and balance, weather, NOTAMS, DABS)

Solo cross country radio navigation

Exercise content

Navigation according to planning

Working with ICAO charts and operational flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation

Theoretical basis

RFM chapters: …

Basic and procedures chapter: 25 c

…

Targets

Safe operation

Correct radio navigation according OFP

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

9.1	Revision flight 1

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:10	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Revision according to instructor

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

General repetition of all items

Targets

Airworks within tolerances

Safe landing

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

9.2	Revision flight 2

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	1:15	0:15	HELI

Program

Revision according to instructor

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Theoretical basis

General repetition of all items

Targets

Airworks within tolerances

Safe landing

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

9.3	Revision flight 3

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	-	1:15	0:15	HELI

Program

Revision according to instructor

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Independent preparation for LAPL(H) skill test

Theoretical basis

General repetition of all items

Targets

Safe operation

Safe landing

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

9.4	Revision flight 4

Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing	Equipment
0:30	1:10	-	0:15	HELI

Program

Revision according to instructor

Exercise content

Additional items and question according to instructor

Administration before skill test according «Examiner guide EASA Part FCL»

Theoretical basis

General repetition of all items

Targets

Ready for LAPL(H) skill test

Personal:

Targets

Achieved	Partially achieved	Not achieved

Good points

Points to improve

Targets for the next session

Open items

Time scale

4.1	REV0 / TBD

The table on the following page shows the breakdown of hours for flight instruction of the LAPL(H) training course.

No	Air exercise	Instructor briefing	DUAL flight session	SOLO flight session	Instructor debriefing
1.1	Familiarisation flight	0:30	0:45	-	0:15
1.2	Flight attitude 1	1:00	0:45	-	0:15
1.3	Flight attitude 2	0:45	0:50	-	0:15
1.4	Flight attitude 3	0:45	0:50	-	0:15
1.5	Flight attitude 4	0:45	0:50	-	0:15
1.6	Flight attitude 5	0:45	0:50	-	0:15
1.7	Flight attitude 6	0:45	0:45	-	0:15
2.1	Circuits introduction	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
2.2	Circuits 1	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
2.3	Circuits 2	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
2.4	Circuits 3	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
2.5	Circuits 4	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
3.1	Flight envelope’s limits 1	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
3.2	Non-standard approaches and circuits	0:45	0:40	-	0:15
3.3	Abnormal procedures 1	1:00	0:30	-	0:15
3.4	Emergency and precautionary landing 1	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
3.5	Instruments failures	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
4.1	Cross country navigation 1	1:00	1:10	-	0:15
4.2	Cross country navigation 2	0:45	1:10	-	0:15
4.3	Mountain cross country navigation 1	0:45	2:10	-	0:15
5.1	Circuits 5	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
5.2	Circuits 6	0:30	0:40	-	0:15
5.3	Before first solo flight	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
5.4	First solo flight	0:30	-	0:30	0:15
5.5	Circuits 7	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
5.6	Circuits 8	0:30	-	0:40	0:15
5.7	Circuits 9	0:30	0:30	-	0:15
5.8	Circuits 10	0:30	-	0:40	0:15
5.9	Circuits 11	0:30	-	0:40	0:15
6.1	Flight envelope’s limits 2	0:45	1:00	-	0:15
6.2	Emergency and precautionary landing 2	0:45	0:40	-	0:15
6.3	Emergency and precautionary landing 3	0:30	0:50	-	0:15
6.4	Simulated systems’ failures and fire on board	0:45	0:40	-	0:15
7.1	Cross country navigation 3	0:30	1:20	-	0:15
7.2	Solo cross country navigation 1	0:30	-	0:40	0:15
7.3	Solo cross country navigation 2	0:30	-	1:00	0:15
7.4	Mountain cross country navigation 2	0:30	2:30	-	0:15
7.5	Solo cross country navigation 3	0:30	-	2:20	0:15
8.1	Basic radio navigation	0:45	0:45	-	0:15
8.2	Cross country radio navigation	0:45	1:00	-	0:15
8.3	Solo cross country radio navigation	0:30	-	1:00	0:15
9.1	Revision flight 1	0:30	1:10	-	0:15
9.2	Revision flight 2	0:30	-	1:15	0:15
9.3	Revision flight 3	0:30	-	1:15	0:15
9.4	Revision flight 4	0:30	1:10	-	0:15
Totals:	27:15	30:00	10:00	11:15
40:00